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- From: snowcap@aol.com (Snowcap)
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs
- Subject: Strong Link Between Crime and Drug Use
- Date: 27 Jun 1994 18:36:02 -0400
- Message-ID: <2unk8i$q9g@search01.news.aol.com>
-
- Attached is a story from the Washington-based newsletter I publish
- (Drug Policy Report). I thought it might be of interest to newsgroup
- readers and I would welcome constructive comments or criticisms.
-
-
- Most Criminals Test Positive for Drugs
- In Major Cities Over 70% of Those Arrested Are Frequent Drug Users
-
- Drug use by those arrested for felony charges continues at very high
- rates, according to the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program's 1993
- results. The data, which relies on urinalysis at the time of arrest,
- is considered more reliable than surveys that rely on self-reporting.
-
-
- At a House Government Operations Subcommittee hearing on "Drugs in
- the '90's: Emerging Trends," Carol V. Petrie, Acting Director of the
- National Institute of Justice, described findings from the DUF
- Program, which measure drug use among persons arrested for serious
- offenses in 23 booking facilities throughout the nation.
-
- Petrie said that in 1993, the percentage of male arrestees testing
- positive for any drug ranges from 54% to 81%, for females, the rate
- is from 42% to 83%. Male arrestees with drugs in their system
- exceeded 70% in Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles,
- Manhattan, Miami, Philiadelphia, San Diego, and Washington D.C.
- Cocaine is by far the most popular drug among this population.
-
- Petrie noted that, "The criminal justice system is the single largest
- source of pressure on abusers to obtain treatment. Unless required by
- the court, drug abusers are unlikely to enter or complete treatment
- programs. Half or more of the admissions to typical residential or
- community-based treatment programs are clients of probation and
- parole agencies."
- The DUF research also indicates that:
-
- * Frequent use of hard drugs is one of the strongest indicators of a
- criminal career.
- * Offenders who use drugs are among the most serious and active
- criminals, engaging in both property and violent crime.
-
- * Early and persistent use of cocaine or heroin in the juvenile
- years is an indicator of serious, persistent criminal behavior in
- adulthood.
- * Those arrested who are drug users are more likely than those not
- using drugs to be rearrested on pretrial release or fail to appear at
- trial.
-
- For several years now heavy cocaine use projected from DUF is about
- three times the number of self-reported heavy cocaine users estimated
- from National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The
- explanation, says Harvard University's Mark Kleiman, is a combination
- of sample exclusion (e.g., the homeless and people in halfway
- houses), sample selection bias (about 20% of the NHSDA sample as
- drawn either can't be found or refuses to answer; this may include a
- disproportionate share of heavy users), and under-reporting by
- respondents.
-
- "The NHSDA numbers have continued to drop, while the cocaine
- situation on the street hasn't gotten noticiably better," Kleiman
- said. He suggests that the point is not that NHSDA should not be
- conducted, but rather that "NHSDA results don't have much to do with
- progress against the drug problem" Most problem users aren't in the
- sample, aren't home, or lie about their drug use.
-
- The problem users, the ones that do the most damage to society, are
- precisely those caught up in the criminal justice system and measured
- by DUF. The latest survey again suggests that until their drug abuse
- decreases, it will be an uphill battle to reduce serious crime in
- America's cities. Kleiman suggests one way to do so would be for
- probation parole deptartments to impose mandadory drug abstinence on
- drug-involved offenders with frequent testing and swift and automatic
- sanction for each violation.
-
- For more information about the DUF survey, contact the Criminal
- Justice Reference Service at (301) 251-5739.
-
-
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